Know Your Wine Please ♥

Good-to-Know Wine Terms

Terroir (tear-WAHr): French term to describe the general makeup of a vineyard — from soil and climate to the drainage and topography — that contributes to the character of the wine.

Varietal: Another word for grape variety; as an adjective, meaning made from a single variety.

Vintage: The year the wines grapes were grown and harvested.

Dry: Used to describe wines that are not sweet.

Tannic: Having an astringent character from compounds found in grape skins and/or wooden casks; primarily noticeable in red wines.

How to Approach the List

Extensive wine lists can be intimidating, there’s no denying, but experienced sommelier Allegra Angelo of Michy in Miami has some advice to offer. For one, know what you like (not-so-oaky whites, bold reds, whatever). Second, and most important, don’t be afraid to ask for help — if there's no sommelier, seek out the restaurant’s "token wine dork" and find out what recommendations he or she may have. Lastly, says Angelo, "Don’t be afraid to experiment."

How to Taste

Don't feel like you have to make a big spectacle of evaluating the first taste of the wine you've ordered. Give the sample a couple quick swirls, get a good whiff, and take your sip (no need to attempt the gargle you saw someone do at a wine tasting once).

How to Reject a Bad Wine

Don’t let the fear of being "that annoying, picky customer" stop you from rejecting a wine if you think there’s something wrong with it. You’re paying for a product and you should be getting what you want. That said, there is the matter of accountability on your part — if you’re going to reject a wine for being "bad," be sure of your convictions. It helps to be familiar with the characteristic red flags of "corked" or oxidized wine. Be polite, and have the sever taste the defective glass; any professional worth his or her salt will be honest about admitting a fault in the wine if there is one.

Chardonnay

This popular, adaptable white wine grape can be grown in just about every wine-producing country in the world. It is the grape behind the famed dry, white burgundies of France and one of the principal varietals in champagne. Typically, chardonnay is an oaked wine with medium-high acidity and a fuller body. It's flavors and aromas can range from toasty and vanilla (from the oak) to tropical fruits to slightly earthy.

Food Pairing: Fatty fishes (think salmon) and rich cream sauces have always been a classic pairing with chardonnay.

Sauvignon Blanc (so-veen-yawn blAHn)

This distinctive white variety is known for making dry, medium-bodied, high-acid wines that have an herbaceous quality and mineral flavors. (That said, some can also be fruity.)

Food Pairing: Everything from the classic oysters on the half-shell to white meats and dishes with acidic, tangy dressings.

Pinot Grigio (pea-no gree-joe)/Pinot Gris (pea-no gree)

This widely popular (especially in the U.S.) and generally inexpensive white wine is primarily produced in northeastern Italy, California, Oregon, and Alsace, France. Italy and California's pinot grigios are typically light, dry, and crisp, whereas the pinot gris from Alsace have more character and body.

Food Pairing: Light pasta and fish dishes are often recommended with pinot grigio.

Cabernet Sauvignon (cah-ber-nay so-veen-yawn)

This famous red wine grape, produced everywhere from Bordeaux and California to South Africa and Australia, generally makes high-tannin, full-bodied wines with depth. The flavor of black currants is commonly associated with the wine, as is a quality of being firm and rich.

Food Pairing: Think steak and red meat.

Merlot (mare-LO)

Less tannic than cabernet sauvignon, this red wine grape produces dark wines that are generally full-bodied, high in alcohol, and with notes of chocolate and plum. The most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux, it can make wines that range from easy-drinkers to prized bottles worth aging.

Food Pairing: Because of its diversity, there are a lot of options here — everything from grilled meats and blue cheeses to salmon and mushrooms

Pinot Noir (pea-no nWAHr)

Iconic of Burgundy reds, great pinot noirs can also be found in wine-growing regions like Oregon, California, New Zealand. Lighter than cabernet sauvignon and merlot, pinot noir is generally a medium-acid, medium-tannin wine that has fruity red berry notes and a floral aroma (but can sometimes also have earthy qualities as well).

Food Pairing: A versatile wine for food pairing, try it with natural rinded cow's milk cheeses, mild red meats, as well as grilled, roasted, or sautéed food

Chianti (key-AHn-tea)

This popular Italian red wine is produced in Tuscany, and the best come from the chianti classico region. Characterized as a dry red, the style of the wine varies depending on the grape blend and how it is aged.

Food Pairing: Often described as having notes of cherries and spices, chianti classico is a good match with something like an herb-crusted pork loin.

Zinfandel

White zinfandel may be a hugely popular white wine, but the grape it is made from is actually red. Iconic in California winemaking, the grape also produces dark, rich, high-alcohol red wines.

Food Pairing: Red zinfandel pairs well with meat dishes (stews, ribs, leg of lamb), hearty red-sauce pastas, and rich patés and terrines.

Syrah (see-RAH)/Shiraz

Although it is also grown in places like California and Washington, the varietal is most famously produced in France's Rhône Valley and Australia (where it is called syrah and shiraz, respectively). French syrahs are typically full-bodied and powerful, with firm tannins and notes of everything from berries to black pepper and tar. Australia's shiraz, however, is generally more of a medium-bodied bright and fruity wine.

Food Pairing: Syrahs go well with well-spiced red meats.

Malbec

Easily considered Argentina's signature variety, it is widely produced in the Mendoza region. The lush, fruity red wine is characterized as having good tannins and notes of dark red fruits, and also sometimes tobacco and espresso.

Food Pairing: This bold, structured wine pairs well with foods that have sweet and spicy notes.

Champagne and Sparkling Wines

Rule number one: Not all sparkling wine is champagne (shahm-PAHN-yeh). Nothing against Italy’s popular prosecco (pro-SECK-oh) and Spain’s cava (cah-vah) — or even the many great American sparklers — but unless it’s made in Champagne, France, it can’t be labeled as such.

When it comes to the French bubbly, a lot of confusion can stem from the terms used to define degree of sweetness. Brut (broot) means it’s dry, sec (seck) — though literally "dry" — means it’s a little sweet, demi-sec (duh-mee seck) is fairly sweet, and doux (do) means sweet.

Food Pairing: Bubbly is a classic pre-meal apéritif drink, but Covenant Wines' Jeff Morgan says the most important factor to consider when pairing sparkling wine and food is the presence or lack of acidity. Oysters are a popular match, but also salty or fried snacks (chips, fried chicken!) work well too, as the bubbles can cut through the richness

Dessert Wines

Have a sweet tooth of the liquid variety? Most notable are the white sauternes (sew-tairn) from France, port from Portugal, and trockenbeerenauslese (trok-en-beeren-aus-lace-uh) from Germany.

Food Pairing: Try rich, sweet sauternes with ripe fruits or lemon-flavored pastries (though it can also go great with rich foie gras), and port with strong cheeses or dark chocolate.

Secrets of Happy Couples

Loving couples: In a world where 40 percent of marriages end in divorce, you can't help but notice them. There they are, finishing each other's sentences or laughing in some dusky corner of a Chinese restaurant. They seem so wonderfully in sync, and they make the work of being a couple seem effortless. Of course, no intimate relationship ever is, especially once you factor in life's built-in pressures, like work deadlines, laundry and your daughter's orthodontist appointments.

But, says Jane Greer, Ph.D., Redbook Online's resident sex-and-relationships expert, there are certain core values that make some marriages more intimate and resilient than others. You could probably predict the list: trust, mutual respect, commitment and a strong sense of "we" in the relationship. What is surprising, experts point out, is that when you ask loving husbands and wives about the key to their devotion, over and over you'll hear the same things, specific habits that mirror these values. Learning these secrets can make your marriage closer too.

1. They use terms of endearment - check!

Sure, you may find it cloyingly sweet when you overhear other couples talking like 2-year-olds, but endearments are actually a sign of a healthy rapport.

"Pet names take you back either to the happy childhood you had or the one you wish you had," says Manhattan-based family therapist Carolyn Perla, Ph.D. "They signal a safe, supportive environment." Also, these days, when we're stretched to the limit trying to juggle jobs and kids, "pet names give us the chance to let down our guard, to be vulnerable and childlike. And they make us feel close to one another."

These same feelings of intimacy can also come from using a special tone of voice with each other, sharing silly "inside jokes," or pet-naming your spouse's intimate body parts. The point is to connect with some private message system that's meaningful to you alone, as a couple -- not to the outside world. "This type of playfulness is a statement that you're feeling comfortable with each other and with the relationship," says Dr. Perla.

2. They do stuff together - check!

When that pheromone-crazy feeling of falling in love passes and happy couples no longer spend all day in bed, they look outward. They start businesses, refinish the attic or take up cooking together.

Of all the variables in a relationship -- from commitment to communication -- the amount of fun couples have together is the strongest factor in determining their overall marital happiness, according to a landmark study by Howard Markman, Ph.D., codirector of the Center for Marital and Family Studies at the University of Denver. Time spent playing together, says Dr. Markman, is an "investment in the relationship"; it provides a relaxed intimacy that strengthens the bond between two people. So even if your life is impossibly frantic, make the time for play. And do all you can to eliminate distractions. Leave the kids with a sitter, ditch the beeper and cell phone. The activity doesn't have to be anything elaborate or costly. Exercising together, browsing in antiques stores, or renting a classic movie can help bring the two of you closer.

3. When the going gets tough, they don't call Mom or Dad - check!

The first task facing all young couples is separating from their families of origin, points out San Francisco-area-based family researcher Judith Wallerstein, Ph.D. This doesn't mean you shouldn't go home for the holidays. But if there's a crisis over whether to have a second child or relocate for a new job, or even if there's good news about a big raise or the results of a medical test, the couple should talk about it together first before dialing Mom. "You wouldn't believe how many people who are getting divorced say to me, 'She was never mine,' or 'His mother always came first,'" Dr. Wallerstein observes.

4. They stay connected to their parents

This doesn't contradict No. 3: You can talk with your mom every day and still be clear about where your attachment to her ends and your love for your mate begins.

"Staying connected to parents, siblings, cousins and the like can be excellent for a marriage because it gives a sense of family continuity," says Dr. Greer. "It generates positive feelings, especially when you incorporate your spouse into that family. You're sharing that part of you with each other."

5. They don't nickel-and-dime about chores - check!

It's no secret that most wives continue to do more in the housekeeping and child-rearing departments than their husbands. Still, when partners become double-entry bookkeepers, adding up every dish washed and every diaper changed, they may be headed for trouble.

"Most couples think they should strive for a relationship that's 50-50," observes Dr. Perla, "but the fact is, they should each give 150 percent. In good relationships, couples give everything they can. They don't nickel-and-dime each other, and they respect that each person gives different things."

6. They fight constructively - check!

There's fighting and then there's fighting. When couples start yelling and throwing things, when they dredge up every single complaint they've ever had (or "kitchen-sinking," as marital experts typically call it), you can be sure that they won't be celebrating their silver anniversary together. "Studies show that the way couples handle conflict is the most important factor in determining whether or not they stay together," observes Polly Young-Eisendrath, Ph.D., a clinical associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont.

"Happy couples have learned the art of constructive arguing," says Dr. Markman, whose research has demonstrated that it's possible to predict whether or not a couple will divorce after watching them argue for 10 or 15 minutes. In strong marriages, he says, the partners take control of their disagreements by establishing ground rules. They may, for example, call a mutually agreed-upon time-out if the conflict is escalating and unproductive, agreeing to continue the discussion after a cooling-off period. They also truly listen to each other and won't prematurely try to solve the problem before they've heard each other out. Above all, no matter how angry they get, they don't resort to name-calling and insults -- key danger signs, says Dr. Markman.

7. They give each other gifts - check!

Couples who are deeply connected often give each other presents or write little notes, says Thomas Moore, Ph.D., best-selling author of Care of the Soul. What they're doing is preserving the rituals, and the magic, of their courtship.

The gift should carry no strings. Sarah sometimes comes home from work to find that her husband has prepared a candlelight dinner. "But it's not set up to be a prelude to sex," Sarah says laughingly. "John does it because he wants me to feel loved."

8. They never lose their sense of humor - check!

Humor, as many psychotherapists have observed, is the Krazy Glue that keeps a couple together. When a couple can no longer laugh together, Dr. Moore says, it's a signal that the soul has gone out of their marriage and they are headed for trouble.

But Dr. Moore is quick to point out that lighthearted couples never mock each other. They instinctively know what is -- and isn't -- fair game. "Sam would never dream of making fun of my big butt," notes Catherine.

9. They take "for better or for worse" seriously - check!

Contented couples encounter their share of life's miseries -- whether it's the car breaking down, a nasty cold or a missed promotion -- but they help each other get through. You don't, for example, hear them say, "How could you let that happen?" when a spouse loses a job. "Couples who do well together tend not to do anything that increases their partner's suffering, like become resentful or criticize," notes Dr. Young-Eisendrath. In good marriages, people feel safe from the outside world. Each spouse, stresses Dr. Greer, has the feeling, "I can count on you, our world is all right."